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Title

Meningococcal carriage, alcohol consumption, and campus bar patronage in a serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreak.

Author

Imrey PB; Jackson LA; Ludwinski PH; England AC 3rd; Fella GA; Fox BC; Isdale LB; Reeves MW; Wenger JD

Address

Department of Medical Information Science, Community Health, and Statistics, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA. p-imrey@uiuc.edu

Source

J Clin Microbiol, 33(12):3133-7 1995 Dec

Abstract

Community outbreaks of serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease are increasing in North America (L. H. Harrison, JAMA 273:419-421, 1995; L. A. Jackson, A. Schuchat, M. W. Reeves, and J. D. Wenger, JAMA 273:382-389, 1995; C. M. Whalen, J. C. Hockin, A. Ryan, and F. Ashton, JAMA 273:390-394). In a recent 15-month university outbreak, disease was linked to patronage of a specific campus-area bar, suggesting that aspects of a campus bar environment might promote meningococcal transmission (P. B. Imrey, L. A. Jackson, P. H. Ludwinski, et al., Am. J. Epidemiol., in press). To investigate this hypothesis, oropharyngeal carriage results from samples taken from 867 university health service clients and 85 campus-area bar employees during the last 3 months of the outbreak were analyzed to determine factors correlated with carriage of any strain of Neisseria meningitidis. Results were validated with data from samples from 344 health center clients and 211 campus bar employees taken 8 months after the last outbreak case. Recent alcohol consumption (adjusted prevalence odds ratio = 3.8 for > 15 versus 0 drinks in last week [P = 0.0012]) and campus bar patronage (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9 for any versus no patronage in last 2 weeks [P = 0.0122]) showed separate effects in both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses of data from the 1992 health center clients. Prevalence of meningococcal carriage among 1992 campus bar workers was 3.8 times that among health center clients; this prevalence ratio was roughly 2.5 after adjustment for alcohol consumption and bar patronage. Recent antibiotic usage was protective (prevalence odds ratio = 0.3) among health center clients and bar workers. These findings were generally supported by the validation samples. If alcohol consumption and other aspects of the campus bar environment facilitate transmission of and/or colonization by N. meningitidis, then the introduction of a highly pathogenic substrain into the campus bar environment may provide an unusual opportunity for invasive meningococcal disease within a campus community.

Language

Eng

Unique Identifier

96156114

MESH Headings

Adolescence; Adult; Alcohol Drinking (*AE); Antibiotics (TU); Carrier State (*EP/MI); Female; Human; Male; Meningitis, Meningococcal (*EP/MI/TM); Meningococcal Infections (*EP/MI/TM); Neisseria meningitidis (CL/*IP); Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Serotyping; Student Health Services; Students; United States (EP); Universities

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0095-1137

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Title

ÍChildhood passive smoking and purulent meningitisÍ

Author

Wang L; Cheng M

Address

Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical College, Xian.

Source

Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih, 15(2):107-9 1994 Apr

Abstract

The relationship between purulent meningitis and passive smoking were investigated in 63 children with purulent meningitis aged 1-12 years against 63 children with non-purulent meningitis as control. It was found that the odds ratio of purulent meningitis for children receiving passive smoking was 3.0, and the 95% confident limit was greater than 1 (P < 0.05). There was significant dose-effect relationship between the daily dosage of cigarette smoked by family members and the odds ratio of purulent meningitis (P < 0.005). It suggests that passive smoking is one of the risk factors for purulent meningitis.

Language

Chi

Unique Identifier

95007729

MESH Headings

Case-Control Studies*; Child*; Child, Preschool*; China; English Abstract; Human; Infant*; Meningitis, Bacterial*; Meningitis, Meningococcal*; Risk Factors*; Single-Blind Method*; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

Publication Type

CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0254-6450

Country of Publication

CHINA

Title

Relation between passive tobacco smoke exposure and the development of bacterial meningitis in children.

Author

Bredfeldt RC; Cain SR; Schutze GE; Holmes TM; McGhee LA

Address

Fayetteville Family Practice Residency, AR 72703, USA.

Source

J Am Board Fam Pract, 8(2):95-8 1995 Mar-Apr

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of passive smoking have received wide attention in recent years. Although a number of childhood illnesses are known to be affected by exposure to tobacco smoke, to date the medical literature is silent about the effect of tobacco smoke on the development of bacterial meningitis in children. The purpose of this study was to learn whether any such association exists. METHODS: Parents of 93 children admitted for bacterial meningitis were surveyed to ascertain which of the children were exposed to passive tobacco smoke. A similar survey was conducted of an age- and sex-matched control group. RESULTS: Children admitted for bacterial meningitis were significantly more likely to have been exposed to tobacco smoke than was a control group of children admitted for abdominal surgery. (P = 0.017; odds ratio 2.63, 95 percent confidence interval 1.15, 4.87). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that bacterial meningitis in children should be added to the growing list of illnesses associated with passive exposure to cigarette smoke.

Language

Eng

Unique Identifier

95297397

MESH Headings

Arkansas; Child*; Child, Preschool*; Confidence Intervals*; Female; Human; Infant*; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial*; Odds Ratio*; Patient Admission*; Risk Factors*; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0893-8652

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Title

Smoking, the environment and meningococcal disease: a case control study.

Author

Stanwell-Smith RE; Stuart JM; Hughes AO; Robinson P; Griffin MB; Cartwright K

Address

Department of Public Health Medicine, Bristol and Weston Health Authority.

Source

Epidemiol Infect, 112(2):315-28 1994 Apr

Abstract

This case control study investigated environmental factors in 74 confirmed cases of meningococcal disease (MD). In children aged under 5, passive smoking in the home (30 or more cigarettes daily) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-38.66). ORs increased both with the numbers of cigarettes smoked and with the number of smokers in the household, suggesting a dose-response relationship. MD in this age group was also significantly associated with household overcrowding (more than 1.5 persons per room) (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.10-32.8), with kisses on the mouth with 4 or more contacts in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.09-5.56), with exposure to dust from plaster, brick or stone in the previous 2 weeks (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.07-4.65); and with changes in residence (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.99), marital arguments (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.26-7.17) and legal disputes in the previous 6 months (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.24-7.78). These associations were independent of social class. Public health measures to lower the prevalence of cigarette smoking by parents of young children may reduce the incidence of MD. The influence of building dust and stressful life events merits further investigation.

Language

Eng

Unique Identifier

94200296

MESH Headings

Adolescence*; Adult*; Aged*; Case-Control Studies*; Child*; Child, Preschool*; Confidence Intervals*; Crowding*; England; Environment*; Environmental Exposure*; Female; Human; Incidence*; Infant*; Infant, Newborn*; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis*; Meningococcal Infections*; Microbial Sensitivity Tests*; Middle Age*; Neisseria meningitidis*; Odds Ratio*; Population Surveillance*; Prevalence*; Residential Mobility*; Risk Factors*; Seasons*; Serotyping*; Socioeconomic Factors*; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0950-2688

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

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